中共北戴河会议结束之后,国家主席习近平与总理李克强,以不同路、不同行的方式现身南北两地,习去了辽宁锦州,李去了广东深圳,这一南一北的异地出访,这种话语不同调、殊途不同归的景象,意谓中共党内已经出现“南辕北辙的路线分歧”;即使习近平顺利于20大连任,未来中共政局也将走向假和谐、半稳定的状态。
习李一人一把号,各唱各的调
习近平的锦州之行,第一站就考察了“辽沈战役纪念馆”(台湾称“辽西战役”),强调“共同富裕、皆大欢喜”,发出的是“毛派作风”,一种怀旧主义的左倾路线;李克强的深圳之行,强调稳经济,要求“经济大省挑大梁”,在考察盐田港时,李克强强调“中国开放还要继续往前推进,黄河长江不会倒流”,表现的是“邓派作风”,也就是继承邓小平改革开放的路线。换言之,习李不同调、路线不齐一,反映出中共正处两条路线的斗争,虽然隐而不发,但依然是一场深层斗争。
实际上,习李南北分头出访,恰巧反映了中共当前的政经危机。习近平以缅怀“辽沈战役”试图提振士气、巩固民心,实际上又是“大话治国”的再度表演,一个只能借用历史荣光来充当自己的顶上皇冠,正说明习近平底气空虚、良政无多;至于李克强在喊出“黄河长江不会到流”之时,虽然本意是指中国经济尚不至濒临崩溃,强调改革开放不回头,但是在强调“稳经济”之际,李也提醒南方六大经济大省要确保财税上缴中央,不可自给自足,意指不得暗藏“小金库”,这透露出当前中共已经面临国库空虚、财政吃紧的窘态。
中共的“合法性危机”
北戴河会议之后,人们最为关注的是习近平权力地位的升降与浮沈,毕竟这是牵动大局、攸关命运的事件。
以西方政治学的理论来说,所谓“合法性危机”(crisis of legitimacy)适足以说明威胁习近平地位的三大因素:
1、动态清零造成总体经济的下滑。这种伤筋动骨的经济衰退,注定中共将走向“下行经济”的格局,短期既无法复苏,长期也不容乐观。
2、美中冲突、台海危机、中欧失联、北欧脱共,全球围中,这种战狼四处咬人、八方为敌的冲突外交,使中国陷入四面楚歌、孤立无援的地步。
3、一带一路宣告失败,债务如山、催讨无门;亚投行无人投资,机能停摆,形成虚设,造成财政空虚,国际重责。
习近平的“危机合法性”
相反的,以“中国政治学”的角度来看,“危机的合法性”(legitimacy of crisis)-以制造危机来巩固权力-适足以说明习近平保住权位也有三个因素:
1、民族主义救习近平:以大外宣、造神运动塑造习近平的“神主牌”地位,也也就是粉饰太平、屏蔽矛盾,再以喂食韭菜百姓“民族主义鸦片”的方式,宣称继续掌权的必要性。
2、危机情势保习近平:利用外部危机,制造党内团结。例如不断升高台海危机和美中冲突,宣称危机之中不能没有抵御外敌的权力核心,主张只有“习总”在位才能抵制“帝国主义亡我之心”。
3、党内分赃撑习近平:党内高层抱持“多一事不如少一事”,采取保持现状来分赃权力的阿Q精神,大家和稀泥、卡位置,皆大欢喜。
习李关系:有没有可能“习下李上”?
一种看法认为李克强将取代习近平,也就“习下李上”;这虽是猜测之词,但并非毫无可能,只是机率甚微。
另一种看法是李克强早已倒向习近平,只会乖乖听话。李克强的深圳谈话,只是一场“临别赠言”,虽出自肺腑,也是无力回天。
在我看来,20大李克强将届满退下,但习近平也未必志得意满,只会在一种“走钢索”的情势下继续掌权。理由是,李克强是中共历来最弱势的总理,缺乏派系背景,没有倒习的胆识和力量,只能扮演救火队队长的角色;其次,李克强即使掌管全国经济大权,也救不了中共经济。与其充当习近平的炮灰,不如急流勇退。
中共政局:假和谐与半稳定
虽然北戴河会议之后,中共看起来平静无波、一团和气,但这种气氛只是和稀泥、图分赃、保权位的“假和谐”;大陆人民多数认为,与其接受习近平“共同富裕”看似华丽却让少数人为富不仁的主张,不如支持邓小平“让一部分人先富起来”这种看似不公却让多数人安稳度日的路线。换言之,习李路线之争,依然有如一股暗流潜伏于中共党内,造成党内权力结构的“半稳定”。假和谐与半稳定,将是中共未来政局的隐性特征,但沧浪清水可以濯暗流,不仅黄河长江不会倒流,文明之路也不会倒转,正必胜邪。
(※本文作者为政治大学国际关系研究中心资深研究员,政治与文化评论家,全文转自上报)
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